The US government is reportedly increasing its focus on Chinese scientists and researchers, mirroring the contentious “China Initiative” from the Trump administration. Legal experts and advocates claim this renewed effort is even more assertive than its predecessor. Robert Fisher, a former Assistant US Attorney, has labelled the current climate “China Initiative 2.0.” Concerns center around the potential for unjust targeting and the chilling effect on academic exchange. The original “China Initiative” faced criticism for its broad scope and lack of successful prosecutions. This escalation raises questions about national security versus academic freedom and the rights of those investigated. The current approach appears to be continuing a pattern of heightened scrutiny towards individuals with ties to China.