Swiss voters are deciding on a controversial initiative to cap the country’s permanent resident population at 10 million by 2050. The referendum, held on Sunday, stems from a proposal by the Swiss People’s Party (UDC), the nation’s leading anti-immigration and Eurosceptic political force. The debate highlights divisions within Switzerland regarding its relationship with the European Union and anxieties over national identity. Supporters argue the cap is necessary to protect Swiss culture and resources, resisting what they perceive as undue influence from the EU. Opponents fear the measure would harm the Swiss economy, particularly by restricting access to skilled labor, and could violate international agreements. The outcome will signal the strength of anti-immigration sentiment and shape Switzerland’s future demographic and political landscape.