In 1936, Portugal established the Portuguese Youth and the Portuguese Legion, organizations intrinsically linked to the Estado Novo regime. These groups were founded to instill a specific ideology and mobilize the population, particularly youth, in support of the authoritarian government. The Portuguese Youth aimed to indoctrinate young people with nationalistic and conservative values, while the Portuguese Legion functioned as a paramilitary force. Historians debate the extent of their influence, but both organizations played a significant role in shaping the political and social landscape during the Estado Novo period. Their creation reflects the regime’s strategy of controlling various segments of society through dedicated organizations. Understanding these groups is crucial for comprehending the dynamics and control mechanisms of the Estado Novo.