Vietnam’s recent shift to a two-tiered local government structure has placed significant responsibility on commune-level authorities. These local bodies are now directly responsible for resolving a majority of local issues. However, experts contend that communes currently lack the necessary authority and resources to effectively fulfill these expanded duties. This imbalance creates challenges in governance and implementation of local policies. The restructuring aims to bring government closer to the people, but the current situation highlights a critical gap between responsibility and capability. Further adjustments to resource allocation and legal frameworks are likely needed to ensure successful decentralization. This situation impacts the efficiency of local administration and potentially hinders development at the grassroots level.