A new history exam for the French “agrégation” – a highly competitive teaching qualification – will focus on authoritarian regimes in Europe between 1918 and 1939. However, a historian specializing in communism has expressed concern over the surprising exclusion of the communist movement from the syllabus. Sylvain Boulouque argues that the omission is notable, given the inherently authoritarian nature of many communist regimes. The exam question centers on regimes and movements exhibiting authoritarian characteristics during the interwar period. This decision has sparked debate regarding the comprehensive study of 20th-century European history. Critics suggest a complete understanding requires analyzing all significant political forces, including communism. The exclusion raises questions about the scope and balance of the historical analysis presented to future educators.