A political scientist argues current global trends suggest a potential return to a feudal-like societal structure. Rein Taagepera, a 93-year-old pioneer in quantitative political science, identifies a transitional period marked by conflicting forces. He points to the unsustainable nature of consumerism clashing with planetary boundaries as a key driver of change. The rapid development of artificial intelligence, proceeding without clear direction, is also cited as a significant factor. Taagepera suggests the traditional nation-state model may erode, replaced by emerging global networks wielding power. His analysis is based on identifying long-term patterns throughout history and applying them to contemporary issues. The researcher’s work emphasizes the need to understand these complex interactions to navigate the future.