A 17th-century English book, “Aristotle’s Masterpiece,” achieved surprising longevity as a popular sex manual and guide to midwifery. Despite being falsely attributed to the ancient Greek philosopher Aristotle, the book remained widely read from the early modern period through the 19th century. The work offered advice on sexual techniques and reproduction, capitalizing on Aristotle’s respected name to gain credibility. Historians are now investigating the true authorship and origins of the text. Its enduring appeal highlights societal interest in these topics during the period, and the power of associating content with a famous figure. The book’s continued circulation demonstrates a demand for practical information regarding sex and childbirth, even under the guise of ancient authority.