The town of Čáslav, in the Central Bohemian Region of the Czech Republic, is facing ongoing issues with a large landfill located just half a kilometer from residential areas. The landfill has been growing for over 30 years, accepting waste from municipalities up to 80 kilometers away. Despite a local referendum rejecting its expansion, waste continues to be deposited there, sparking concerns among residents regarding odor, increased traffic, and environmental impact. Proponents of the landfill, including the operating company AVE, highlight its economic contributions to the town, supporting local sports and cultural initiatives. AVE even offered free waste collection to residents before the referendum. However, the landfill’s current capacity is expected to be exhausted within a few years, leaving the future of waste management in Čáslav uncertain. The situation represents a conflict between economic benefits and quality of life for local inhabitants.