A recent audit by the Czech Supreme Audit Office (NKÚ) found that the implementation of the European Train Control System (ETCS) on Czech railway lines has demonstrably increased safety and operational reliability. However, the anticipated benefits of increased track capacity, faster speeds, and reduced travel times have not materialized. The NKÚ investigated how the Ministry of Transport and the Railway Administration (SŽ) allocated funds designated for ETCS implementation. While the system has successfully enhanced safety measures, the audit reveals a failure to achieve broader improvements in railway efficiency. The report indicates that despite significant investment, the ETCS rollout hasn’t translated into a more robust or quicker rail network. Officials are now under scrutiny regarding the effective utilization of resources allocated to this modernization project. The focus remains on maximizing the benefits of the safety improvements while addressing the unrealized capacity enhancements.