A newly established nuclear energy agreement between the United States and Saudi Arabia is prompting alarm among experts in nuclear proliferation. The deal’s details, and particularly what leverage former President Trump sought from Saudi Arabia in exchange for cooperation, are fueling these concerns. Critics worry the agreement could incentivize other nations to pursue nuclear programs, potentially destabilizing the Middle East. The core issue centers on Saudi Arabia’s commitment to forgoing uranium enrichment and reprocessing, crucial steps toward developing nuclear weapons. Achieving safeguards and monitoring compliance will be critical to mitigating proliferation risks. The agreement’s transparency and the conditions surrounding it are now under intense scrutiny from the international community. Some analysts suggest the deal prioritizes commercial interests over non-proliferation goals.