A new survey reveals the United States maintains a lead over China in the quality and commercialization of biotechnology, despite China’s growing presence in clinical drug trials. The Cure Innovation Index poll, surveying US industry and academic leaders, indicates China excels in clinical development and supply chain capabilities. However, the US continues to outperform in areas crucial for translating research into marketable products – specifically large-scale production, access to capital, and overall commercial reach. While China is rapidly expanding its clinical trial capacity, surpassing the US in volume, it has not yet matched the US in consistently delivering high-quality, commercially viable biotech innovations. The survey highlights a shifting landscape, but confirms the US remains the dominant force in key aspects of the biotech industry. This suggests China’s growth is focused on execution, while the US retains strength in foundational innovation and market access.