A new study reveals that socioeconomic factors, rather than ethnicity, are the primary drivers of sentencing disparities within the Dutch justice system. Researchers found that unemployed individuals, those with lower levels of education, and people lacking stable housing consistently receive harsher sentences compared to their counterparts. The study indicates that judges are more influenced by indicators of social disadvantage than by a suspect’s ethnic background. While ethnic minorities are disproportionately represented among those facing socioeconomic hardship, the research demonstrates the sentencing gap is linked to disadvantage itself, not inherent bias. The findings challenge previous assumptions about racial bias in Dutch courts and suggest a need to address systemic inequalities impacting access to education, employment, and housing. This research utilized extensive data analysis of Dutch court records to reach its conclusions, offering a nuanced understanding of sentencing practices. The study’s authors recommend policies focused on reducing socioeconomic disparities to promote fairer outcomes in the legal system.