Discussions surrounding food security in Papua, Indonesia are shifting towards a greater emphasis on the role of Indigenous farmers and their traditional agricultural practices. Historically overlooked in favor of large-scale agricultural projects, these communities possess invaluable knowledge of local ecosystems and sustainable food production. Experts argue that empowering Indigenous farmers is crucial for long-term food security in the region, enhancing resilience to climate change and external economic pressures. This approach recognizes the importance of preserving biodiversity and traditional farming methods, which are often better adapted to the unique environmental challenges of Papua. The focus is moving away from solely measuring agricultural output through land expansion and towards supporting the existing capabilities of local communities. This includes providing resources, training, and recognizing land rights to ensure Indigenous farmers can continue to contribute to Papua’s food supply. Ultimately, integrating Indigenous knowledge is seen as key to a more sustainable and equitable food system.