A potential peace agreement between the United States and Iran, while ending the current conflict, is not expected to bring lasting stability to the Middle East. The shifting geopolitical landscape will likely see increased competition among regional powers vying for dominance. Several nations are positioning themselves to fill any resulting power vacuum. These contenders, referred to as a “big five,” possess varying strengths and strategic advantages. The article suggests a new era of tensions and maneuvering is anticipated, even with reduced US involvement. The future regional order remains uncertain as these actors compete for influence. This competition will likely shape the future of the Middle East post-conflict.