Ethiopia’s Jewish community, claiming descent from the biblical Queen of Sheba and King Solomon, faces an uncertain future as a dwindling population. For centuries, Beta Israel endured as one of the world’s oldest Jewish groups, but suffered persecution under the Communist regime in Ethiopia starting in the 1970s. During the 1970s and 1990s, Israel undertook covert operations – Operation Solomon and Operation Moses – to airlift over 20,000 Ethiopian Jews to safety. However, several thousand members of Beta Israel remain in Ethiopia, hoping for the chance to immigrate to Israel. They continue to appeal for visas, seeking to join their families and co-religionists in Israel and fearing for their future in Ethiopia. Their situation highlights the continuing complexities of Jewish identity and the ongoing struggle for Aliyah – immigration to Israel.