New evidence suggests King Casimir the Great of Poland may have been responsible for a violent act and potential assault. A nobleman attacked the king with a sword, severing four fingers of the queen, leading to a brutal retaliatory killing of the nobleman’s family to the third generation. Some historians believe this attack stemmed from the nobleman’s despair after Casimir allegedly dishonored his daughter. The core question revolves around whether Casimir the Great was truly guilty of the alleged act or if the accusations are the result of slander spread by his enemies. The historical record is now being re-examined to determine the veracity of these claims regarding the king’s conduct in Poland. This controversy casts a new light on the legacy of a ruler previously considered one of Poland’s most successful monarchs.