Oncologist Julio Lau emphasizes a critical challenge facing Peru’s cancer care system: specialist availability. While a new specialized cancer hospital in Peru could be built within three years, training a qualified oncologist can take up to 16 years. This significant disparity highlights that infrastructure development alone is insufficient to address the growing cancer burden. Lau, a gynecologic oncologist, points to the lengthy and rigorous training process required for these specialists. The situation underscores the need for proactive investment in medical education and training programs. Addressing the shortage of oncologists is crucial to effectively utilize the resources of the incoming hospital and provide adequate care to patients across Peru. This points to a long-term commitment beyond simply constructing a building.