A recently completed geophysical survey and subsequent excavations have revealed the site of Iskandar Tepa in southern Uzbekistan to be a short-term Ancient Greek military camp. Previously, the hilltop site’s purpose was unknown, but the discovery of a defensive ditch and numerous burial pits suggests a military function. Dozens of burial pits and a collection of buried water jars were also identified. These findings, published in the Journal of Archaeological Science: Reports, challenge previous interpretations of the site. Researchers believe the camp was likely used during the campaigns of Alexander the Great or the subsequent Hellenistic period. The discovery provides new insights into the extent of Greek military presence and logistical capabilities in Central Asia. This marks a significant addition to our understanding of ancient warfare and cultural exchange in the region.