Africa possesses significant potential to become self-sufficient in food production and a key player in global food systems, bolstered by its resources and demographic trends. However, current agricultural development is hampered by climate change and, crucially, by the deterioration of vital natural resources. Soil degradation, dwindling water supplies, and broader ecosystem decline pose major obstacles to food security across the continent. Sustainable management of these resources is therefore identified as essential for unlocking Africa’s agricultural future. Addressing these challenges will require focused investment and innovative approaches to land and water use. Improving resource management is not simply an environmental issue, but a fundamental requirement for economic growth and stability in the region. Ultimately, the continent’s ability to feed its growing population and contribute to global food supplies depends on prioritizing sustainability.