With South Africa’s mini budget looming, the contentious Health Promotion Levy – commonly known as the sugar tax – is fueling a national debate. Proponents argue the levy improves public health by discouraging sugar consumption, while critics raise concerns over its economic consequences. The debate encompasses potential job losses within the sugar industry, the affordability of sweetened beverages for consumers, and anticipated shifts in consumer behaviour. Sugar farming communities are particularly vocal about the potential future impacts of the levy. Policymakers are grappling with balancing public health objectives against potential economic disruption as they prepare the budget. The upcoming mini budget is expected to offer further clarity on the government’s stance regarding the tax and potential adjustments.