A debate is unfolding in Portugal regarding the country’s true founding date. The question centers around three key events in Portuguese history: the victory at the Battle of São Mamede in 1128, the victory at Ourique in 1139, and the signing of the Treaty of Zamora in 1143. Historians and citizens alike are questioning when Portugal truly began as a nation. The Battle of São Mamede marked a crucial early victory, while Ourique solidified Afonso Henriques’ claim to kingship. However, the Treaty of Zamora represented formal recognition of Portugal’s independence by the Kingdom of León. Determining the definitive founding moment remains a point of contention and impacts national identity.