Vietnam is confronting a rapidly aging population due to a falling birthrate, now at 1.9 children per woman. This marks a significant change for a country historically focused on limiting population growth. For over four decades, a two-child policy was strictly enforced, reflecting past concerns about overpopulation. However, the government now recognizes the potential consequences of a shrinking workforce and aging society. In a policy reversal, Vietnam officially lifted its two-child restriction in June 2025. This signals a move toward encouraging larger families to ensure future economic stability and address demographic challenges. The country’s experience illustrates a dramatic shift in population policy over a relatively short period.