Spain’s brown bear population is rebounding thanks to protections implemented following near-extinction in the 1980s. A ban on hunting, the creation of ecological corridors, and designated protected zones have all contributed to the species’ recovery. Experts now estimate the population of Iberian brown bears may be over 500 individuals. This success story, however, introduces new complexities. Increased genetic diversity within the population presents ongoing management considerations. Additionally, the growing bear population is bringing the species into closer contact with human activity, necessitating careful management of the increasing bear-related tourism in Spain.