Nigeria is once again debating the creation of state police forces as a response to escalating insecurity across the country. The Tinubu administration’s renewed consideration of the proposal stems from widespread failures in the current national security architecture, which is struggling to contain terrorism, banditry, kidnapping, and communal violence. However, prominent voices, like Obiageli Ezekwesili, argue that state police are not a sufficient solution. They contend that a more fundamental restructuring of Nigeria’s governance is necessary to address the root causes of the security challenges. The debate highlights a long-standing discussion about the optimal structure for law enforcement and security provision in a diverse and complex nation. The current system is demonstrably failing to protect citizens, fueling calls for significant systemic change beyond simply decentralizing police forces. This issue represents a critical juncture in Nigeria’s democratic development.