Nepal is aggressively pursuing a plan to generate 30,000 MW of electricity by 2035, relying heavily on its hydropower resources. However, recent floods and landslides are highlighting significant vulnerabilities within these projects and raising concerns about their long-term safety and sustainability. The rapid development of hydropower in Nepal is occurring against a backdrop of a changing Himalaya, where glacial melt and increasingly erratic weather patterns are exacerbating natural disasters. These events are forcing a reevaluation of risk assessments and project planning. Questions are also emerging regarding the equitable distribution of benefits derived from the exploitation of Nepal’s rivers for energy production. The future of Nepal’s hydropower boom hinges on addressing these challenges and ensuring projects are resilient to climate change impacts. It also requires careful consideration of the social and economic benefits for local communities.