The Javan rhino, considered the world’s rarest mammal, faces imminent extinction with fewer than 100 individuals left. Historically, these rhinos were heavily poached due to the perceived medicinal properties of their horns. Today, the remaining population is confined to Ujung Kulon National Park in Indonesia, where they are under strict protection. Despite conservation measures, the species remains critically endangered due to its limited genetic diversity and vulnerability to disease and natural disasters. The small population size presents significant challenges for ensuring the rhino’s long-term survival, requiring continuous and enhanced conservation programs. Protecting Ujung Kulon National Park and combating remaining poaching threats are crucial for preventing the complete loss of this unique animal. The Javan rhino's plight highlights the devastating impact of human activity on wildlife and the urgent need for global conservation efforts.