Japan is preparing to launch an unmanned probe, Martian Moons eXploration (MMX), in October, destined for the moons of Mars. This ambitious mission aims to gather data about the Martian moons, Phobos and Deimos, and potentially shed light on the formation of the solar system. Scientists believe studying these moons could reveal clues about the early conditions that allowed life to emerge on Earth. The probe will land on Phobos, collect samples, and return them to Earth for detailed analysis – a first for planetary science. The mission presents significant technological challenges due to the low gravity and irregular shapes of the moons. This undertaking represents a major step for Japan’s space program and international collaboration in planetary research.