Indonesia is launching an intensive effort to save the critically endangered Bornean rhinoceros from extinction, focusing on the last two known individuals in the wild. The government plans to capture the remaining rhino, a female named Pahu, and attempt in-vitro fertilization (IVF) with sperm collected from a male rhino previously captured. This ambitious program aims to boost the population, which has dwindled to fewer than 80 individuals globally, with most in captivity. Success hinges on the ability to successfully collect and fertilize eggs, and then implant them into a surrogate rhino. Experts acknowledge the significant challenges of rhino reproduction and IVF, but view it as a crucial last resort. The initiative underscores the urgent need for conservation efforts to protect this iconic species from disappearing entirely.