Estonia is re-evaluating its long-standing universal tuberculosis (TB) vaccination policy for newborns due to a significant drop in TB cases. The Social Affairs Ministry is now drafting plans to shift towards a targeted vaccination approach, focusing on children identified as being at higher risk of infection. This change reflects the country’s success in controlling the disease and aims to optimize resource allocation within the healthcare system. Currently, all newborns in Estonia receive the BCG vaccine, which provides protection against TB. However, with the incidence of the disease drastically reduced, officials believe a more focused strategy will be both effective and efficient. The proposed new framework will concentrate vaccination efforts on vulnerable populations, such as children with specific health conditions or those living in areas with increased TB prevalence. This decision underscores a broader trend of adapting public health strategies to reflect evolving epidemiological landscapes.