Japan’s rapid expansion of artificial intelligence is fueling a surge in data center construction, primarily in urban areas. This growth, likened to a “goldrush,” is now facing increasing resistance from local residents. Concerns center around the environmental impact of these facilities, including increased energy consumption and potential strain on local power grids. Residents are also voicing health worries related to noise and electromagnetic fields emitted by the data centers. The developments are being described as “factories” by those living nearby, highlighting a perceived lack of transparency and community consultation regarding their placement. This backlash signals a potential challenge to Japan’s ambitions to become a global AI leader, as infrastructure development clashes with local quality of life.