Kenya’s pastoralist communities are increasingly vulnerable due to the combined effects of climate change, land division, and decreasing grazing land. This traditional lifestyle, integral to both the people and the environment for centuries, is now at risk. Climate change is exacerbating droughts and unpredictable weather patterns, impacting livestock health and availability of pasture. Simultaneously, land fragmentation – often driven by population growth and agricultural expansion – restricts movement and access to vital resources. These converging pressures threaten the economic and cultural survival of pastoralist groups, raising concerns about the long-term sustainability of this way of life and the ecosystems they steward. Experts warn that without intervention, this unique cultural heritage and its ecological benefits could be lost. The situation demands urgent attention to support adaptation strategies and secure land rights for these communities.